Select Publications

Artificial and Human Intelligence

Select publications are thematically grouped for each of the following four categories:

(Computational) Cognitive Vision and Perception

Cognitive Vision / Visual Commonsense. Explainable Reasoning + Learning. Neurosymbolic Models.

Suchan, J., Bhatt, M., Monsen, J. (2025). ASP-Driven Visual Commonsense: A General Framework for Reasoning about Embodied Interaction in the Wild. In: KR 2025: 22nd International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Melbourne, Australia. [PDF, ]

@inproceedings{KR2025-ASP-Vision,
  author       = {Jakob Suchan and Mehul Bhatt and Julius Monsen},
  title        = {{ASP-Driven Visual Commonsense: A General Framework for Reasoning about Embodied Interaction in the Wild}},
  booktitle    = {Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proceedings
                  of the 22nd International Conference, {KR} 2025, Melbourne, Australia,
                  Nov 2025},
  publisher    = {{AAAI} Press},
  year         = {2025},
}

Suchan, J., Bhatt, M., Varadarajan, S. (2021). Commonsense Visual Sensemaking for Autonomous Driving: On Generalised Neurosymbolic Online Abduction Integrating Vision and Semantics. Artificial Intelligence Journal (AIJ), October 2021, Volume 299. [PDF, DOI, ]

@article{SUCHAN2021103522,
title = {Commonsense visual sensemaking for autonomous driving – On generalised neurosymbolic online abduction integrating vision and semantics},
journal = {Artificial Intelligence},
volume = {299},
pages = {103522},
year = {2021},
issn = {0004-3702},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2021.103522},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0004370221000734},
author = {Jakob Suchan and Mehul Bhatt and Srikrishna Varadarajan},
keywords = {Cognitive vision, Deep semantics, Declarative spatial reasoning, Knowledge representation and reasoning, Commonsense reasoning, Visual abduction, Answer set programming, Autonomous driving, Human-centred computing and design, Standardisation in driving technology, Spatial cognition and AI},
abstract = {We demonstrate the need and potential of systematically integrated vision and semantics solutions for visual sensemaking in the backdrop of autonomous driving. A general neurosymbolic method for online visual sensemaking using answer set programming (ASP) is systematically formalised and fully implemented. The method integrates state of the art in visual computing, and is developed as a modular framework that is generally usable within hybrid architectures for realtime perception and control. We evaluate and demonstrate with community established benchmarks KITTIMOD, MOT-2017, and MOT-2020. As use-case, we focus on the significance of human-centred visual sensemaking —e.g., involving semantic representation and explainability, question-answering, commonsense interpolation— in safety-critical autonomous driving situations. The developed neurosymbolic framework is domain-independent, with the case of autonomous driving designed to serve as an exemplar for online visual sensemaking in diverse cognitive interaction settings in the backdrop of select human-centred AI technology design considerations.}
}

Suchan, J., Bhatt, M., and Varadarajan, S. (2019). Out of Sight But Not Out of Mind: An Answer Set Programming Based Online Abduction Framework for Visual Sensemaking in Autonomous Driving. IJCAI 2019: the 28th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 2019), Macao. (IJCAI 2019 Distinguished Paper Honourable Mention) [PDF, ]

@inproceedings{SuchanIJCAI19,
  author    = {Jakob Suchan and
               Mehul Bhatt and
               Srikrishna Varadarajan},
  editor    = {Sarit Kraus},
  title     = {Out of Sight But Not Out of Mind: An Answer Set Programming Based
               Online Abduction Framework for Visual Sensemaking in Autonomous Driving},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on
               Artificial Intelligence, {IJCAI} 2019, Macao, China, August 10-16,
               2019},
  pages     = {1879--1885},
  publisher = {ijcai.org},
  year      = {2019},
  url       = {pdfs/cognitive_vision/IJCAI2019-out_of_sight.pdf},
  doi       = {10.24963/ijcai.2019/260},
  note      ={(received Distinguished Paper Honourable Mention Award)},
  comment      ={(received Distinguished Paper Honourable Mention Award)}
}

Suchan, J., Bhatt, M., Walega, P. and Schultz, C. (2018). Visual Explanation by High-Level Abduction: On Answer-Set Programming Driven Reasoning about Moving Objects. In: AAAI 2018 Proceedings of the Thirty-Second AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2018), New Orleans, USA, February 2-7, 2018. [PDF, ]

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/aaai/SuchanBWS18,
  author    = {Jakob Suchan,
               Mehul Bhatt,
               Przemyslaw Andrzej Walega,
               Carl P. L. Schultz},
  editor    = {Sheila A. McIlraith and
               Kilian Q. Weinberger},
  title     = {Visual Explanation by High-Level Abduction: On Answer-Set Programming
               Driven Reasoning About Moving Objects},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirty-Second {AAAI} Conference on Artificial Intelligence,
               New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, February 2-7, 2018},
  publisher = {{AAAI} Press},
  year      = {2018},
  url       = {pdfs/cognitive_vision/AAAI2018-visual-abduction.pdf},
  %url       = {https://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/AAAI/AAAI18/paper/view/17303},
  timestamp = {Thu, 03 May 2018 17:03:19 +0200},
  biburl    = {https://dblp.org/rec/bib/conf/aaai/SuchanBWS18},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}

Suchan, J., Bhatt, M., Varadarajan, S., Amirshahi, S. A., and Yu, S. (2018). Semantic Analysis of (Reflectional) Visual Symmetry: A Human-Centred Computational Model for Declarative Explainability. Advances in Cognitive Systems (ACS), Vol 6: 65–84, 2018. [PDF, ]

@article{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1806-07376,
  author    = {Jakob Suchan and
               Mehul Bhatt and
               Srikrishna Vardarajan and
               Seyed Ali Amirshahi and
               Stella Yu},
  title     = {Semantic Analysis of (Reflectional) Visual Symmetry: {A} Human-Centred
               Computational Model for Declarative Explainability},
  journal   = {Advances in Cognitive Systems},
  volume    = {Vol 6},
  pages     = {65--84},
  year      = {2018},
  url       = {pdfs/cognitive_vision/ACS2018-symmetry.pdf},
  timestamp = {Mon, 13 Aug 2018 16:48:46 +0200},
  biburl    = {https://dblp.org/rec/bib/journals/corr/abs-1806-07376},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}

Suchan, J., Bhatt, M. (2016). Semantic Question-Answering with Video and Eye-Tracking Data – AI Foundations for Human Visual Perception Driven Cognitive Film Studies. IJCAI 2016: 25th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, New York City, USA. [PDF, ]

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/ijcai/SuchanB16,
  author    = {Jakob Suchan and
               Mehul Bhatt},
  editor    = {Subbarao Kambhampati},
  title     = {Semantic Question-Answering with Video and Eye-Tracking Data: {AI}
               Foundations for Human Visual Perception Driven Cognitive Film Studies},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Joint Conference on
               Artificial Intelligence, {IJCAI} 2016, New York, NY, USA, 9-15 July
               2016},
  pages     = {2633--2639},
  publisher = {{IJCAI/AAAI} Press},
  year      = {2016},
  %url       = {http://www.ijcai.org/Abstract/16/374},
    url       = {pdfs/cognitive_vision/IJCAI2016-deep_sematics.pdf},
  timestamp = {Fri, 15 Jul 2016 15:58:28 +0200},
  biburl    = {https://dblp.org/rec/bib/conf/ijcai/SuchanB16},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}

Dubba, K., Cohn, A., Hogg, D., Bhatt, M., Dylla, F. (2015). Learning Relational Event Models from Video. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (JAIR), Vol 53, Pages 41-90, 2015. [PDF]

Cognitive Science and AI

Cognitive Science and AI / Spatial Cognition and Computation. Multimodal Interaction. Visual Perception.

Naveriani, A., Suchan, J., Zoia, S., Bhatt, M., Lieto, A., Pozzato, G. L. (2026). A Cognitively Motivated Multidimensional Framework for Evaluating Metaphor Explanations. In: INLG 2026: 19th International Conference on Natural Language Generation, Utrecht, the Netherlands. (to appear) [PDF, ]

@inproceedings{Naveriani2026INLG,
  author     = {Ana Naveriani and
                Jakob Suchan and
                Stefano Zoia and
                Mehul Bhatt and
                Antonio Lieto and
                Gian Luca Pozzato},
  title      = {A Cognitively Motivated Multidimensional Framework for Evaluating
                Metaphor Explanations},
  booktitle  = {Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Natural Language
                Generation, {INLG} 2026, Utrecht, the Netherlands, October 17--21, 2026},
  year       = {2026},
  note       = {To appear},
  eprinttype = {arXiv},
  eprint     = {2608.15828},
  url        = {https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.15828}
}

Nair, V., Bhatt, M., Suchan, J., Billing, E., Hemeren, P. (2026). How do Naturalistic Visuo-Auditory Cues Guide Human Attention? - Insights from Systematic Explorations in Visual Perception of Embodied Multimodal Interaction. ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (ACM TAP). [PDF, Supporting www]

Kondyli, V., Bhatt, M., Levin, D., Suchan, J. (2023). How do drivers mitigate the effects of naturalistic visual complexity? - On attentional strategies and their implications under a change blindness protocol. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications (CRPI). 8, 54 (2023). Springer Nature (Open Access). [Open Access, ]

@article{CRPI2023,
   author = {Kondyli, Vasiliki and Bhatt, Mehul and Levin, Daniel and Suchan, Jakob},
   institution = {Örebro University, School of Science and Technology},
   institution = {Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA},
   institution = {German Aerospace Center - DLR, Institute of Systems Engineering for Future Mobility, Oldenburg, Germany},
   journal = {Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications},
   number = {1},
   eid = {54},
   title = {How do drivers mitigate the effects of naturalistic visual complexity? On attentional strategies and their implications under a change blindness protocol},
   volume = {8},
   DOI = {10.1186/s41235-023-00501-1},
   keywords = {Visual perception, Change blindness, Visuospatial complexity, Attentional strategies, Naturalistic observation, Everyday driving},
   abstract = {How do the limits of high-level visual processing affect human performance in naturalistic, dynamic settings of (multimodal) interaction where observers can draw on experience to strategically adapt attention to familiar forms of complexity? In this backdrop, we investigate change detection in a driving context to study attentional allocation aimed at overcoming environmental complexity and temporal load. Results indicate that visuospatial complexity substantially increases change blindness but also that participants effectively respond to this load by increasing their focus on safety-relevant events, by adjusting their driving, and by avoiding non-productive forms of attentional elaboration, thereby also controlling “looked-but-failed-to-see” errors. Furthermore, analyses of gaze patterns reveal that drivers occasionally, but effectively, limit attentional monitoring and lingering for irrelevant changes. Overall, the experimental outcomes reveal how drivers exhibit effective attentional compensation in highly complex situations. Our findings uncover implications for driving education and development of driving skill-testing methods, as well as for human-factors guided development of AI-based driving assistance systems.  },
   url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-023-00501-1},
   year = {2023}
}

Kondyli, V., Suchan, J., Bhatt, M. (2022). Grounding Embodied Multimodal Interaction: Towards Behaviourally Established Semantic Foundations for Human-Centered AI. In: Knowledge Representation for Hybrid Intelligence (KR4HI 2022), part of International Conference on Hybrid Human-Artificial Intelligence (HHAI 2022), Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 13-17, 2022. [PDF]
Kondyli, V., Bhatt, M. (2021). Visuo-Locomotive Update in the Wild: The Role of (Un)Familiarity in Choice of Navigation Strategy, and its Application in Computational Spatial Design. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (CogSci 2021), 43, 2017-2023. [PDF]

Kondyli, V. and Bhatt, M. (2018). Rotational locomotion in large-scale environments: A survey and implications for evidence-based design practice. Built Environment, 44(2):241–258. [PDF, ]

@article {Kondyli:2018:0263-7960:241,
title = "Rotational Locomotion in Large-Scale Environments: A Survey and Implications for Evidence-Based Design Practice",
journal = "Built Environment",
parent_itemid = "infobike://alex/benv",
publishercode ="alex",
year = "2018",
volume = "44",
number = "2",
publication date ="2018-06-01T00:00:00",
pages = "241-258",
itemtype = "ARTICLE",
issn = "0263-7960",
%url = "https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/alex/benv/2018/00000044/00000002/art00009",
url = {pdfs/DesignSpace/Cognition_and_the_city-preprint-2018.pdf},
doi = "doi:10.2148/benv.44.2.241",
author = "Kondyli, Vasiliki and Bhatt, Mehul",
abstract = "Navigation performance in urban and large-scale built-up spaces (e.g. airports, train-stations, hospitals) depends on gradual environmental perception during locomotion, and spatial knowledge acquisition, update/integration at different times along a path. Rotational locomotion is regularly
involved in everyday navigation; this, combined with the fact that people cannot perceive the whole of a large-scale setting at once often leads to incidents of cognitive loading and disorientation. Our research explores the mechanisms involved in rotational locomotion for human navigators,
and the role of familiarity as well as the cost of cognitive load on orientation accuracy and spatial memory. We examine the impact of structural and featural cues on spatial knowledge updating in relation to egorotations from the viewpoint of behaviour-based design practice and evidencebased
design interventions. The results are based on a case study in a train station, experimenting on rotational problems in navigation. Here we present preliminary results emphasizing the role of environmental cues in rotational location, outline possibilities for further study, and discuss implications
for evidence-based design practice and cognitive design assistance technology development.",
}

Spranger, M., Suchan, J., Bhatt, M. (2016). Robust Natural Language Processing - Combining Reasoning, Cognitive Semantics and Construction Grammar for Spatial Language. IJCAI 2016: 25th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, New York City, USA. [PDF, ]

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/ijcai/SprangerSB16,
  author    = {Michael Spranger and
               Jakob Suchan and
               Mehul Bhatt},
  editor    = {Subbarao Kambhampati},
  title     = {Robust Natural Language Processing - Combining Reasoning, Cognitive
               Semantics, and Construction Grammar for Spatial Language},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Joint Conference on
               Artificial Intelligence, {IJCAI} 2016, New York, NY, USA, 9-15 July
               2016},
  pages     = {2908--2914},
  publisher = {{IJCAI/AAAI} Press},
  year      = {2016},
  %url       = {http://www.ijcai.org/Abstract/16/413},
  url       = {pdfs/cognitive_vision/IJCAI2016-grounding_spatial_language.pdf},
  timestamp = {Fri, 15 Jul 2016 15:59:48 +0200},
  biburl    = {https://dblp.org/rec/bib/conf/ijcai/SprangerSB16},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}

Bhatt, M., Schultz, C., Freksa, C. (2013). The ‘Space’ in Spatial Assistance Systems: Conception, Formalisation, and Computation. in T. Tenbrink, J. Wiener, C. Claramunt (editors). Representing space in cognition: Behavior, language, and formal models. 353 Pages, Series: Explorations in Language and Space. Oxford University Press, 2013. [PDF, ]

@inproceedings{Bhatt2013TheI,
  title={The 'Space' in Spatial Assistance Systems : Conception, Formalisation and Computation},
  author={Mehul Bhatt and Carl P. L. Schultz and Christian Freksa},
  year={2013},
  booktitle = {Representing Space in Cognition: Interrelations of behaviour, language, and formal models},
  editor = {Thora Tenbrink and Jan Wiener and Christophe Claramunt},
  publisher = {Oxford University Press},
  url       = {pdfs/Spatial_Reasoning/Oxford-2011.pdf}
}

Declarative AI – Computational Commonsense Reasoning

Declarative AI -and- Commonsense Reasoning / Non-Monotonicity. Spatial Reasoning.

Monsen, J., Suchan, J., Bhatt, M. (2025). Probabilistic Answer Set Programming Driven Ranking of Dynamic Space-Time Belief Models. In: RuleML+RR 2025 - Rules and Reasoning - 9th International Joint Conference, part of: Declarative AI 2025 - Rules, Reasoning, Decisions, and Explanations (RuleML+RR 2025). [PDF, ]

@inproceedings{ruleml2025_preferential_ranking,
  author    = {Julius Monsen and
               Jakob Suchan and
               Mehul Bhatt},
  title     = {{Probabilistic Answer Set Programming Driven Ranking of Dynamic Space-Time Belief Models}},
  booktitle = {The 9th International Joint Conference, RuleML+RR
               2025},
  series    = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year      = {2025}
}

Schultz, C., Bhatt, M., Suchan, J., and Walega, P. A. (2018). Answer set programming modulo ‘space-time’. In Benzmüller, C., Ricca, F., Parent, X., and Roman, D., editors, Rules and Reasoning - Second International Joint Conference, RuleML+RR 2018, Luxembourg, September 18–21, 2018, Proceedings, volume 11092 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 318–326. Springer. [PDF, ]

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/ruleml/SchultzBSW18,
  author    = {Carl P. L. Schultz and
               Mehul Bhatt and
               Jakob Suchan and
               Przemyslaw Andrzej Walega},
  editor    = {Christoph Benzm{\"{u}}ller and
               Francesco Ricca and
               Xavier Parent and
               Dumitru Roman},
  title     = {Answer Set Programming Modulo 'Space-Time'},
  booktitle = {Rules and Reasoning - Second International Joint Conference, RuleML+RR
               2018, Luxembourg, September 18-21, 2018, Proceedings},
  series    = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume    = {11092},
  pages     = {318--326},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year      = {2018},
 % url       = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99906-7\_24},
   url       = {pdfs/Spatial_Reasoning/RuleML-RR2018.pdf},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-319-99906-7\_24},
  timestamp = {Tue, 14 May 2019 10:00:39 +0200},
  biburl    = {https://dblp.org/rec/conf/ruleml/SchultzBSW18.bib},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}

Suchan, J., and Bhatt, M. (2017). Commonsense Scene Semantics for Cognitive Robotics: Towards Grounding Embodied Visuo-Locomotive Interactions. In: 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops (ICCVW). ICCV 2017 Workshop - Vision in Practice on Autonomous Robots (ViPAR), 16th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), Venice, Italy, October 22-29, 2017. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). [PDF, ]

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/iccvw/SuchanB17,
  author    = {Jakob Suchan and
               Mehul Bhatt},
  title     = {Commonsense Scene Semantics for Cognitive Robotics: Towards Grounding
               Embodied Visuo-Locomotive Interactions},
  booktitle = {2017 {IEEE} International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops,
               {ICCV} Workshops 2017, Venice, Italy, October 22-29, 2017},
  pages     = {742--750},
  publisher = {{IEEE} Computer Society},
  year      = {2017},
  %url       = {https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVW.2017.93},
  url       = {pdfs/cognitive_vision/ICCV2017-ViPAR-commonsense_scene_semantics.pdf},
  doi       = {10.1109/ICCVW.2017.93},
  timestamp = {Tue, 10 Apr 2018 18:03:54 +0200},
  biburl    = {https://dblp.org/rec/bib/conf/iccvw/SuchanB17},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}

Walega, P., Bhatt, M., Schultz, C. (2015). ASPMT(QS): Non-Monotonic Spatial Reasoning with Answer Set Programming Modulo Theories. LPNMR: Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning - 13th International Conference, LPNMR 2015, Lexington, KY, USA September 27-30, 2015. (Distinguished paper award) [PDF, ]

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/lpnmr/WalegaBS15,
  author    = {Przemyslaw Andrzej Walega and
               Mehul Bhatt and
               Carl P. L. Schultz},
  editor    = {Francesco Calimeri and
               Giovambattista Ianni and
               Miroslaw Truszczynski},
  title     = {{ASPMT(QS):} Non-Monotonic Spatial Reasoning with Answer Set Programming
               Modulo Theories},
  booktitle = {Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning - 13th International
               Conference, {LPNMR} 2015, Lexington, KY, USA, September 27-30, 2015.
               Proceedings},
  series    = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume    = {9345},
  pages     = {488--501},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year      = {2015},
  %url       = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23264-5\_41},
  url       = {pdfs/Spatial_Reasoning/ASPMTQS-LPNMR15.pdf},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-319-23264-5\_41},
  timestamp = {Sun, 02 Jun 2019 21:23:45 +0200},
  biburl    = {https://dblp.org/rec/conf/lpnmr/WalegaBS15.bib},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}

Eppe, M., Bhatt, M. (2015). A History Based Approximate Epistemic Action Theory for Efficient Postdictive Reasoning. in: Journal of Applied Logic (JOAL). Volume 13, Issue 4, Part 3, December 2015, Pages 720-769. [PDF, DOI]

Bhatt, M., Lee, J. H., Schultz, C. (2011). CLP(QS): A Declarative Spatial Reasoning Framework. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 11). Editors: Egenhofer, Max and Giudice, Nicholas and Moratz, Reinhard and Worboys, Michael. Vol. 6899, Pages: 210–230, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg (LNCS), Belfast, Maine. ISBN: 978-3-642-23195-7. [PDF, ]

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/cosit/BhattLS11,
  author    = {Mehul Bhatt and
               Jae Hee Lee and
               Carl P. L. Schultz},
  editor    = {Max J. Egenhofer and
               Nicholas A. Giudice and
               Reinhard Moratz and
               Michael F. Worboys},
  title     = {{CLP(QS):} {A} Declarative Spatial Reasoning Framework},
  booktitle = {Spatial Information Theory - 10th International Conference, {COSIT}
               2011, Belfast, ME, USA, September 12-16, 2011. Proceedings},
  series    = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
  volume    = {6899},
  pages     = {210--230},
  publisher = {Springer},
  year      = {2011},
  %url       = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23196-4\_12},
  url       = {pdfs/Spatial_Reasoning/Conf-CLP-QS-COSIT-2011.pdf},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-642-23196-4\_12},
  timestamp = {Sun, 02 Jun 2019 21:24:22 +0200},
  biburl    = {https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cosit/BhattLS11.bib},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}

Bhatt, M., Loke, S. (2008). Modelling Dynamic Spatial Systems in the Situation Calculus. Journal of Spatial Cognition and Computation: Special Issue on Spatio-Temporal Reasoning, Eds. Guesgen, H., Renz, J. 8(1), 86-130, May 2008, ISSN: 1542-7633 (electronic) 1387-5868 (paper), Taylor & Francis. [PDF, ]

@article{DBLP:journals/scc/BhattL08,
  author    = {Mehul Bhatt and
               Seng W. Loke},
  title     = {Modelling Dynamic Spatial Systems in the Situation Calculus},
  journal   = {Spatial Cognition {\&} Computation},
  volume    = {8},
  number    = {1-2},
  pages     = {86--130},
  year      = {2008},
  %url       = {https://doi.org/10.1080/13875860801926884},
  url       = {pdfs/Spatial_Reasoning/Spatial_Cognition_Computation-2008.pdf},
  doi       = {10.1080/13875860801926884},
  timestamp = {Sat, 24 Nov 2018 00:00:00 +0100},
  biburl    = {https://dblp.org/rec/journals/scc/BhattL08.bib},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}

AI – Design Cognition and Computing

AI and Design Cognition and Computing / Human-Centred Embodied Architecture Design

Krukar, J., Manivannan, C., Bhatt, M., Schultz, C. (2021). Embodied 3D isovists: A method to model the visual perception of space. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science. [PDF]
Bhatt, M., Schultz, C. (2017). People-Centered Visuospatial Cognition: Next-Generation Architectural Design Systems and Their Role in Design Conception, Computing, and Communication. In: Ammon, Sabine; Capdevila-Werning, Remei, The Active Image: Architecture and Engineering in the Age of Modeling (pp. 207-232). Springer International Publishing. [PDF, ] Published in English and German. Also in German; titled: “Menschenzentrierte visuell-räumliche Kognition. Architektonische Entwurfssysteme der nächsten Generation und ihre Rolle in Konzeption, Berechnung und Kommunikation”
```
@Inbook{Bhatt2017,
author="Bhatt, Mehul
and Schultz, Carl",
editor="Ammon, Sabine
and Capdevila-Werning, Remei",
title="People-Centered Visuospatial Cognition: Next-Generation Architectural Design Systems and Their Role in Design Conception, Computing, and Communication",
bookTitle="The Active Image: Architecture and Engineering in the Age of Modeling",
year="2017",
publisher="Springer International Publishing",
address="Cham",
pages="207--232",
isbn="978-3-319-56466-1",
doi="10.1007/978-3-319-56466-1_9",
url="pdfs/DesignSpace/Imagery_Design_EN.pdf"
}
```

Kondyli, V., Schultz, C., and Bhatt, M. (2017). Evidence-Based Parametric Design: Computationally Generated Spatial Morphologies Satisfying Behavioural-Based Design Constraints. In: 13th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2017), L’Aquila, Italy, September 4-8, 2017. Springer International Publishing AG. [PDF, ]

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/cosit/KondyliSB17,
  author    = {Vasiliki Kondyli and
               Carl P. L. Schultz and
               Mehul Bhatt},
  editor    = {Eliseo Clementini and
               Maureen Donnelly and
               May Yuan and
               Christian Kray and
               Paolo Fogliaroni and
               Andrea Ballatore},
  title     = {Evidence-Based Parametric Design: Computationally Generated Spatial
               Morphologies Satisfying Behavioural-Based Design Constraints},
  booktitle = {13th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory, {COSIT}
               2017, September 4-8, 2017, L'Aquila, Italy},
  series    = {LIPIcs},
  volume    = {86},
  pages     = {11:1--11:14},
  publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"{u}}r Informatik},
  year      = {2017},
  %url       = {https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2017.11},
  url = {pdfs/DesignSpace/COSIT-2017.pdf},
  doi       = {10.4230/LIPIcs.COSIT.2017.11},
  timestamp = {Tue, 11 Feb 2020 15:52:14 +0100},
  biburl    = {https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cosit/KondyliSB17.bib},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}

Bhatt, M., Freksa, C. (2015). Spatial Computing for Design: An Artificial Intelligence Perspective. chapter in: Studying Visual and Spatial Reasoning for Design Creativity (ed: John Gero), 326 pages, ISBN: 978-94-017-9296-7. Springer, 2015. [PDF, ]

@InProceedings{10.1007/978-94-017-9297-4_7,
author="Bhatt, Mehul
and Freksa, Christian",
editor="Gero, John S.",
title="Spatial Computing for Design---an Artificial Intelligence Perspective",
booktitle="Studying Visual and Spatial Reasoning for Design Creativity",
year="2015",
publisher="Springer Netherlands",
address="Dordrecht",
pages="109--127",
abstract="The articulation of the Science of Design by Herbert Simon and the paradigmatic relevance of Artificial Intelligence in that context are closely intertwined topics: Simon elaborates the `Sciences of the Artificial' in the context of the design of artefacts. Situated in this AI-centric view of design, we characterize ``spatial computing for design'' as a specialisation concerned with the development of the general representational and computational apparatus necessary for solving modelling and reasoning problems in spatial design. Several representation and reasoning problems are dis-cussed in the backdrop of relevant examples involving the formal modelling of structural form with respect to a desired/anticipated artefactual function. The discussion, although applicable to any spatial design activity, is grounded in the domain of assistive decision-support in the context of a conventional computer-aided architecture design workflow.",
isbn="978-94-017-9297-4",
url = {pdfs/DesignSpace/Bhatt-Freksa-SDC-2015.pdf}
}

Bhatt, M., Schultz, C., Thosar, M. (2014). Computing Narratives of Cognitive User Experience for Building Design Analysis: KR for Industry Scale Computer-Aided Architecture Design. in KR 2014: Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference, Vienna, Austria (AAAI Press). [PDF, ]

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/kr/BhattST14,
  author    = {Mehul Bhatt and
               Carl P. L. Schultz and
               Madhura Thosar},
  editor    = {Chitta Baral and
               Giuseppe De Giacomo and
               Thomas Eiter},
  title     = {Computing Narratives of Cognitive User Experience for Building Design
               Analysis: {KR} for Industry Scale Computer-Aided Architecture Design},
  booktitle = {Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proceedings
               of the Fourteenth International Conference, {KR} 2014, Vienna, Austria,
               July 20-24, 2014},
  publisher = {{AAAI} Press},
  year      = {2014},
  %url       = {http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/KR/KR14/paper/view/7978},
  url = {pdfs/DesignSpace/Conf-KR-2014.pdf},
  timestamp = {Mon, 15 Dec 2014 00:00:00 +0100},
  biburl    = {https://dblp.org/rec/conf/kr/BhattST14.bib},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}

Schultz, C., Bhatt, M. (2012). Multi-Modal Spatial Data Access for Architecture Design Assistance. Special issue on: Design Computing and Cognition, AIEDAM: Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing Vol.26, No.2, PP. 177-203, 2012, Cambridge University Press. [PDF]

Bhatt, M., Schultz, C., Huang, M. (2012). The Shape of Empty Space: Human-Centred Cognitive Foundations in Computing for Spatial Design. IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC) 2012, Austria. [PDF, ]

@inproceedings{DBLP:conf/vl/BhattSH12,
  author    = {Mehul Bhatt and
               Carl P. L. Schultz and
               Minqian Huang},
  editor    = {Martin Erwig and
               Gem Stapleton and
               Gennaro Costagliola},
  title     = {The shape of empty space: Human-centred cognitive foundations in computing
               for spatial design},
  booktitle = {2012 {IEEE} Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing,
               {VL/HCC} 2012, Innsbruck, Austria, September 30 - October 4, 2012},
  pages     = {33--40},
  publisher = {{IEEE}},
  year      = {2012},
  %url       = {https://doi.org/10.1109/VLHCC.2012.6344477},
  url = {pdfs/DesignSpace/Bhatt-VL-HCC-2012.pdf},
  doi       = {10.1109/VLHCC.2012.6344477},
  timestamp = {Wed, 16 Oct 2019 14:14:55 +0200},
  biburl    = {https://dblp.org/rec/conf/vl/BhattSH12.bib},
  bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}
}